基于模糊评价法的洱海稳态阶段分析

稳态转化理论被广泛应用于各种系统的变化,也常常用于描述水生和陆生生态系统状态发生本质、渐进和持续的转变过程。对淡水湖泊生态系统而言,研究其变化过程及驱动因子将有助于理解当前水环境问题的本质特征,为水环境整治与生态修复提供理论支撑。为了确定典型高原湖泊洱海所处的稳态阶段及其转换取向,在野外调查研究及文献资料数据分析的基础上,尝试用模糊评价法分析洱海所处的稳态转换阶段。评价结果表明,洱海1985-2001年处于清水稳态,2002年系统发生跃迁,2003年退化到藻草共存、草藻共存的过渡态。从2009-2010年     

宁夏沙湖浮游植物群落结构及多样性研究

于2008年4月-2009年1月对宁夏沙湖浮游植物的种类组成、密度、生物量、优势种以及物种多样性进行了分析研究,并依据浮游植物种类组成和密度,对浮游植物群落结构进行了聚类分析(Cluster Analysis,CA)和多维分析(Multidimensional scaling,MDS)。结果表明,沙湖浮游植物共有8门94属117种,种类构成比例为绿藻49.6%、硅藻21.6%、蓝藻16.0%和其它12.8%。春季优势种的种类较多,蓝、硅、绿藻均有,夏、秋季蓝藻占绝对优势,冬季以绿藻为主。浮游植物种类、密度、生物量和分布依季节而异,高峰期出现在7月,低谷期出现于1月。Margalef指数2.872~4.652,Shannon指数2.058~3.057,均匀度指数0.521~0.759,综合评价沙湖水体为中富营养水平。浮游植物群落结构春、夏、冬季聚为3类,秋季聚为2类,除春季外,MDS分析结果和聚类分析结果一致,支持和证实了聚类分析的结果,很好地揭示了沙湖各季节、各样点间浮游植物群落结构的相似性与差异性。b     

达里湖瓦氏雅罗鱼资源现状及合理利用探讨

采用2008年12月和2009年12月在达里湖获取的瓦氏雅罗鱼（Leucisus waleckii）样品,对其基础生物学进行测定,依据B-H模型,计算并分析在不同开捕年龄和不同捕捞强度下的单位补充渔获量（YN/R和Yw/R）及渔获质量（平均体重Wy、平均全长TLy和平均年龄Ty）。结果表明,达里湖瓦氏雅罗鱼的生长参数K...     

鄱阳湖鱼类生境面临的主要问题及修复措施探讨

概述了鄱阳湖鱼类生境状况,分析了目前鄱阳湖鱼类生境面临的主要问题,包括生境萎缩或消失、生境片段化、部分栖息地环境恶化等。针对生境问题的主要诱因,提出了规范采砂行为、恢复鱼类生境的连通性、恢复湖洲滩地植被、结合流域污染防治改善鱼类栖息地环境等鱼类生境修复措施,并提出加强渔政管理,积极探索建立多元化投入机制,以促进鱼类生境和鱼类资源恢复的建议。     

辽西地区荒山植被恢复途径探讨

在总结辽西地区荒山造林面临的环境、经济、社会、技术等困难基础上,对该区域荒山植被恢复的可能性进行了分析,并根据荒山特点,总结提出封山育林、播种造林、植苗造林三种造林绿化途径,并论述了各途径适宜的立地条件、造林树种、造林方法、技术措施和造林成效。     

Diet overlap of non‐native alewife with native yellow perch and spottail shiner in nearshore waters of southwestern Lake Michigan, 2000–2007

Abstract – Lake Michigan has experienced many ecological changes as a result of introductions of non‐native species. Arguably the most significant was that of alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), yet studies on diet overlap with native species are lacking. We analysed diet trends of alewife, spottail shiner (Notropis hudsonius) and yellow perch (Perca flavescens) collected in summer and fall 2000–2007 near Waukegan, IL, in 3–10 m depths. Mean percentage composition by dry weight for 23 prey taxa was used in multivariate analysis to test whether diet differed across species and size classes. We also tested whether zooplankton and benthic invertebrate community composition changed over time. Fish diets were similar over all years but differed seasonally. In summer, diets of large alewife were similar to both small alewife and small yellow perch, with Bosminidae, chironomid larvae and copepods as primary common prey. During fall, alewife and yellow perch size classes exhibited strong intraspecific diet overlap, while there was low diet overlap between species. Primary distinctions between species’ diets in fall were higher consumption of amphipods by yellow perch and dreissenids by spottail shiners compared to alewife, which consumed higher proportions of zooplankton. Overall, high yellow perch diet overlap with alewife during summer and with their larger conspecifics during fall could lead to negative implications for yellow perch growth before the critical overwintering period. Detailed insights into diet overlap and prey availability are critical first steps in understanding competitive interactions between native and non‐native fish that dominate the nearshore community in southwestern Lake Michigan.     

Summer habitat use and feeding of juvenile Arctic charr,Salvelinus alpinus,in the Canadian High Arctic

Abstract – Owing to limited knowledge of the habitat use and diet of juvenile Arctic charr from the High Arctic, particularly young‐of‐the‐year (YOY), we assembled data obtained from samples taken in and around Lake Hazen, Nunavut, Canada, to assess juvenile habitat use and feeding. Juvenile charr demonstrated a preference for stream environments, particularly those fed by warm upstream ponds. Charr occupying both stream and nearshore lake habitats were found to feed similarly, with chironomids occurring most frequently in diets. Some older stream‐dwelling charr preyed on smaller, younger Arctic charr. Preferred stream occupancy is likely mediated by physical barriers created mainly by water velocity, and by distance from the lake, lake‐ice dynamics, low water depth, and turbidity. Water velocities resulted in stream habitat segregation by size, with YOY mainly found in low‐velocity pools and back eddies adjacent to stream banks, but not in water velocities >0.1 m·s^?1. Greatest charr densities in streams were found in small, shallow, slow‐flowing side channels, which are highly susceptible to drought. Under predicted climate change scenarios, streams fed by small ponds will be susceptible to intermittent flow conditions, which could result in increased competition among juvenile charr for the remaining stream habitats. In addition, glacier‐fed streams are likely to experience increased flow conditions that will exacerbate physical barriers created by water velocity and further reduce the availability of preferred stream habitat.     

降水对青海环湖天然牧草生长的长期效应分析

选用铁卜加牧业气象试验站天然牧草历史观测资料,利用相关分析方法,探索天然牧草发育期、生长高度、覆盖度和产量等生长发育指标与前期不同时段降水量的相关显著性,模拟降水对天然牧草生长发育的长期效应。研究表明:无论是天然牧草的返青、开花、黄枯等发育期,还是5～7月牧草生长高度及月增加值和6～8月植被覆盖度,均与前期相关时段的降水量存在显著的相关性,从而对6～7月干草产量及其月增加量产生决定性的影响,充分说明降水对青海环湖天然牧草生长具有长期效应。     

广东连山天鹅湖自然保护区生态旅游规划探讨

本文运用生态旅游的基本原理,阐述了连山天鹅湖自然保护区景观资源的基本特点和生态旅游发展概况,对连山天鹅湖自然保护区生态旅游的发展原则和发展思路进行了探讨,并对连山天鹅湖自然保护区生态旅游的布局结构、景观分区和环境容量的规划设计提出建设性思路。     

紫霞湖浮游甲壳动物昼夜垂直迁移及其影响因子分析

2010年9月19～21日,对江苏南京紫霞湖（水深8.5m）浮游甲壳动物昼夜垂直迁移行为进行了调查,分析了影响昼夜垂直迁移的因素。结果表明,奥氏秀体溞（Diaphanosoma orghidani）、象鼻溞（Bosmina sp.）、颈沟基合溞（Bosminopsis deitersi）、台湾温剑水蚤（Thermocyclops taihokuensis）和中华原镖水蚤（Eodiapotomus sinensis）成体均表现出昼夜迁移现象,中华原镖水蚤幼体和无节幼体无明显昼夜迁移。紫霞湖的温度、溶解氧和叶